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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Les am&eacute;nagements actuels ne font qu'ajouter &agrave; l'in&eacute;galit&eacute; et la complexit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;r&eacute;es par la l&eacute;gislation actuelle. Une remise &agrave; plat est possible. Par Mary-Daphn&eacute; Fishelson, membre d'Avosial, syndicat d'avocats en droit social et du travail, avocate, La Garanderie &amp; Associ&eacute;s </span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">&nbsp;</span></strong></p>
<div style="mso-element: para-border-div; border: none; border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 1.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; border: none; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; padding: 0cm; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; display: none; mso-hide: all;">Bas du formulaire</span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Lorsqu'il a pr&eacute;sent&eacute; son projet de loi pour l'attractivit&eacute;, le Ministre de l'&Eacute;conomie, Emmanuel Macron, a exprim&eacute; le souhait de ne pas voir les touristes quitter Paris pour faire leurs achats &agrave; Londres le dimanche. Pourtant, les nouvelles possibilit&eacute;s d'ouverture des magasins non-alimentaires le dimanche (de 5 &agrave; 12 dimanches) dans les &laquo; zones touristiques de dimension internationale &agrave; fort potentiel &eacute;conomique &raquo;, peuvent ne pas r&eacute;pondre au but vis&eacute;.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 30.0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Pas de clarification</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">En effet, la loi pour l'attractivit&eacute; ne permet pas une clarification globale de la r&eacute;glementation en la mati&egrave;re, laquelle demeure complexe et fluctuante. Elle ne r&egrave;gle pas non plus :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">- la question de la distorsion de concurrence europ&eacute;enne - mais aussi nationale entre les commerces du seul fait de leur taille et/ou de leur implantation ;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">- la d&eacute;finition du p&eacute;rim&egrave;tre des zones touristiques ;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">- enfin, elle pose des questions quant &agrave; sa mise en place : le d&eacute;cret pr&eacute;cisera-t-il ce qu'il faut entendre par &laquo; fort potentiel &eacute;conomique &raquo;, par nature fluctuant ? Le d&eacute;cret quantifiera-t-il ce &laquo; potentiel &raquo; ?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 30.0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Les in&eacute;galit&eacute;s perdurent</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Si il a le m&eacute;rite de pr&eacute;ciser les conditions d'emploi des salari&eacute;s concern&eacute;s (accord collectif majoritaire, volontariat du salari&eacute;, paiement double des heures travaill&eacute;es...), le projet de loi Macron ne mettra pas un terme aux in&eacute;galit&eacute;s possibles entre des salari&eacute;s travaillant le dimanche en raison m&ecirc;me de leur activit&eacute; (production, sant&eacute;, besoins du public...) ou en raisin de d&eacute;rogations particuli&egrave;res (plus de 30% de salari&eacute;s seraient concern&eacute;s comme le rel&egrave;ve le Ministre de l'Economie), et ceux qui, par le projet de loi, auraient le choix d'accepter ou non de travailler le dimanche.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 30.0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Une nouvelle strate &agrave; l'imbroglio l&eacute;gislatif</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Ce projet de loi cr&eacute;&eacute;e donc une nouvelle strate &agrave; l'imbroglio l&eacute;gislatif et jurisprudentiel existant sur le travail dominical (d&eacute;rogations de droit et permanentes, conventionnelles, sur demande &agrave; l'autorit&eacute; comp&eacute;tente et temporaires...) sans pour autant r&eacute;gler les questions de fond d'ordre &eacute;conomique, social et soci&eacute;tal que suscite l&eacute;gitimement le travail du dimanche.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">L'article L.3132-1 du Code du Travail dispose en effet qu'&laquo; il est interdit de faire travailler un m&ecirc;me salari&eacute; plus de 6 jours par semaine &raquo; et l'article L.3132-3 que &laquo; dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t des salari&eacute;s, le repos hebdomadaire est donn&eacute; le dimanche &raquo;.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 30.0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">De nombreuses exceptions d&eacute;j&agrave; existantes</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Pour autant, il existe de nombreuses exceptions &agrave; cette r&egrave;gle : les industries traitant des mati&egrave;res p&eacute;rissables ou ayant &agrave; r&eacute;pondre &agrave; un surcro&icirc;t extraordinaire de travail, les travaux dans les ports, d&eacute;barcad&egrave;res, les activit&eacute;s saisonni&egrave;res, de maintenance, travaux intervenants pour la d&eacute;fense nationale, &eacute;tablissements industriels travaillant en continu, gardiens et concierges d'&eacute;tablissements industriels et commerciaux.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Il existe pr&egrave;s de 200 activit&eacute;s b&eacute;n&eacute;ficiant d'une d&eacute;rogation permanente de plein droit li&eacute;e &agrave; des contraintes de production ou de besoins du public (zones touristiques ou thermales, commerce de d&eacute;tail alimentaire, sant&eacute;...). Des d&eacute;rogations peuvent &ecirc;tre obtenues sur proposition des Maires dans les zones touristiques d'affluence exceptionnelle ou d'animation. &Agrave; celles-ci s'ajoutent les d&eacute;rogations conventionnelles et des d&eacute;rogations temporaires d&eacute;pendantes de l'autorit&eacute; comp&eacute;tence (Maire ou Pr&eacute;fet), lorsque le repos le dimanche serait pr&eacute;judiciable au public ou compromettrait le fonctionnement normal de l'&eacute;tablissement (&eacute;tablissement de vente au d&eacute;tail dans certains p&eacute;rim&egrave;tres d'activit&eacute;s urbaines de plus de 1 million d'habitants...).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 30.0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Pourquoi pas des accords collectifs d'entreprise ou de branche ?</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Des pistes de r&eacute;flexion existent pourtant qui permettraient certainement d'&eacute;largir le p&eacute;rim&egrave;tre aux commerces qui veulent ouvrir le dimanche, sans d&eacute;pendre de telle ou telle d&eacute;cision du Maire ou du Pr&eacute;fet, d'un emplacement ou d'une taille, tout en maintenant la libert&eacute; de choix des salari&eacute;s.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Pourquoi ne pas permettre aux salari&eacute;s du commerce de travailler le dimanche par la n&eacute;gociation d'accords collectifs d'entreprise ou de branche ?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 7.5pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 30.0pt; mso-outline-level: 2; background: white;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Une commission charg&eacute;e d'actualiser tous les 5 ans les ouvertures dominicales</span></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Les &laquo; outils &raquo; l&eacute;gislatifs et r&eacute;glementaires existent et pourraient &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute;s pour mettre en place, avec les partenaires sociaux, si la volont&eacute; d'aboutir est l&agrave;, une nouvelle organisation du travail et des contreparties sociales satisfaisantes pour l'ensemble des acteurs (partenaires sociaux, salari&eacute;s, entreprises quelle que soit leur taille, consommateurs, pouvoirs publics...).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">Pourquoi ne pas faciliter le travail le dimanche de certains secteurs d'activit&eacute;s du fait de l'&eacute;volution de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; (Amazon peut travailler le dimanche, les centres d'appels travaillent le dimanche...) en instituant, comme cela a &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;j&agrave; sugg&eacute;r&eacute;, une commission charg&eacute;e d'actualiser tous les 5 ans ces ouvertures ?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 7.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;">La lecture du projet de loi pour l'attractivit&eacute; ne permet pas une remise &agrave; plat des r&egrave;gles existantes en la mati&egrave;re. On ne peut que le regretter. Un long chemin reste &agrave; parcourir pour qu'au del&agrave; des tensions l&eacute;gitimes en l'&eacute;tat de notre l&eacute;gislation, soit mise en place une v&eacute;ritable r&eacute;gulation sociale et commerciale du travail le dimanche.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;"><br /> Mary-Daphn&eacute; Fishelson</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 18.45pt; background: white;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica; color: black;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> <br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" /> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">&nbsp;</span></p>